what were the 3 most important transfers to the new world during the columbian exchange and why?

What Was the Columbian Exchange?

The Columbian Exchange was the widespread transfer of animals, cultures, diseases, human population, ideas, plants, people, and applied science between the Americas, Western Africa, and Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. Named after Christopher Columbus, the Columbian Exchange significantly altered global economies, political systems, and populations and led to the deaths of many millions, especially in the Americas.

What Caused the Columbian Commutation?

The Columbian Exchange resulted from a variety of factors, including the following.

God, gilt, and glory: The three G's were the catalyst for European voyages to the new world. European monarchs supported maritime exploration to extend the power of their nations over trading networks and new territories. Rulers, merchants, and explorers besides sought wealth through economic commutation with the Americas. The opportunity to spread Christianity to millions of natives in the new world was also a powerful motivator, resulting in the Catholic Church building's support of European political and economical control in the Americas.

Technological advances: European exploration and colonization of the Americas were made possible past maritime advances such as the astrolabe, magnetic compass, and caravel ships. These advances made information technology possible for Europeans to cross the Atlantic Ocean and establish consequent trade between the Americas (the new world) and Europe and Western Africa (the onetime earth).

What Were the Effects of the Columbian Commutation?

Europe largely enjoyed the impacts of the Columbian Exchange every bit wealth flowed toward Europe, a wider variety of goods became available, and European living standards increased. On the other hand,  millions of natives in the Americas died, and Europeans forced millions more into brutal slavery.

Video: Mr. Heimler talks the Columbian Exchange

Video: Crash Course Science on the Columbian Exchange

Animals and plants transferred across the Atlantic

American nutrient crops diffused to Afro-Eurasia

Europeans brought the crops they encountered in the Americas to Europe and Western Africa. As a consequence, European nutrient supplies diversified, and European diets became healthier and offered increased caloric and nutritional intake.

The nigh important of these crops were potatoes, maize, tomatoes, and tobacco.

• Easy to grow and high in calories, by the 19th century, potatoes had go major crops from Europe to India. Tomato sauce is unremarkably associated with Italian cooking. However, not until the 19th century did tomato sauces get an essential staple of Italian cuisine.
• On the other hand, Europeans chop-chop adopted tobacco smoking. To feed the growing demand for tobacco in Europe, European colonizers established tobacco plantations along portions of the south-eastern coasts of N America and the eastern declension of Brazil.
• Europeans also established sugar plantations beyond the Caribbean islands and parts of South America.

Afro-Eurasia crops and animals diffused to the Americas

Found and animal imports into the American continents transformed the environmental landscape in the Americas.

Animals imported into the Americas: Before the Europeans arrived, the Americas had few domesticable animals for labor or transportation. European imports of various types of cattle and horses allowed for the larger-scale transformation of the country through agriculture. Horses as well gave Europeans a tactical advantage over the natives as they could now more quickly move people, goods, and communication. Colonizers raised chicken and pigs, which became pregnant  American food sources.

Crops imported into the Americas: Major crops imported into the Americas included rice from Asia and West Africa, often grown and eaten by African slaves.  Imported sugarcane became ane of the major crops beyond the Caribbean islands and forth coastal regions of South America. Major vegetable imports included turnips and onions, while major fruit imports included grapes and citrus.

The Neat Dying killed millions of indigenous Americans

Disease transfer through new trans-Atlantic exchange networks had a devastating effect on natives in the Americas.

• Major diseases brought to the Americas included diphtheria, flu, measles, typhus, and smallpox.
• Within a few centuries, millions of American natives had died from diseases brought to the new world. These diseases had long impacted Afro-Eurasian populations and had been pregnant causes of astringent illness and death.
• Over time, Afro-Eurasian populations had adult treatments and some genetic immunity to disease infection. Native Americans had neither of these, leading to the death of many millions of American natives.

Video: How Columbus Treated the American Natives

Populations moved beyond the Atlantic

Forth with goods, plants, animals, and diseases, people moved throughout the Columbian substitution.

The devastation of native peoples and cultures: Non long after Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World, Castilian and Portuguese colonizers invaded native land in the Caribbean and South America. Within merely a few decades, tens of thousands of Europeans had flooded into the Americas. By the terminate of the 18th century, the Americas had millions of European and mixed ancestry people, with the European ancestry population outnumbering the natives.

African slaves in the Americas: The African slave trade into the Americas began soon later the arrival of Europeans to the Americas. For 300 years, over 10 million Africans were sold as human cargo to whites in the Americas looking to steal their labor.  Another one.five million Africans died during transit across the Atlantic before making it to the Americas. The human toll of the slave trade was immense, and the social effects of slavery's racist legacy are all the same felt in countries across the Americas today.

The African American diaspora: Today, African diaspora communities span across the Americas. As Africans arrived in the Americas, they brought their cultural traditions and heritage with them. These cultures have contributed to the development of new and blended cultures beyond the Americas.

• For example, Jamaican reggae music and American jazz accept their roots in traditional African rhythmic patterns.
• Traditional African cooking methods have been incorporated into regional cuisines across the Americas.

Native Americans lost political control over their land

By the 18th century, Native peoples had lost near total command over all of their lands in the Americas as Europeans expanded their conquest beyond the continents.

The destruction of the Aztec and the Inca in Latin America: With the arrival of Europeans, natives lost control over their land, governments, culture, and economies. European populations decimated entire civilizations equally their illness, systems of forced labor, and political domination. In 1519, only 27 years after Columbus arrived in the New Globe, the slap-up Aztec civilizations collapsed at Spanish conqueror Hernan Cortes' anxiety. Betwixt 1532 and 1572, Castilian conquistadors defeated the Inca Empire. The Castilian destroyed the rich cultural heritage of these civilizations.

N American native reservations: Colonization of Due north America had begun by the early 1600s. Early colonists along the East Coast were Dutch and English language. By 1770, over two million Europeans and their descendants lived in the 13 American colonies. European populations pushed native populations further westward into less desirable land, often already populated by other native tribes. With their state stolen and under foreign rule, North American native societies became increasingly impoverished.

Native Americans lost control over their economic systems

Natives likewise lost control over their land and economical controlling. As Europeans destroyed their traditional economies, natives became increasingly dependent on the economies of the colonizer. In many places, especially in Latin and Due south America, Europeans put natives into systems of forced labor on plantations or in mining operations that killed millions. No turn a profit from European economical success in the Americas filtered down to native populations.

Infographic: The Impacts of the Columbian Exchange

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Source: https://thothios.com/c-1450-to-c-1750/trans-oceanic-interconnections/the-columbian-exchange/

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